Wind energy conversion with a variable-ratio gearbox: Design and analysis

Variable-speed wind turbines are able to adapt to low wind speeds and therefore have greater efficiency than fixed-speed turbines during partial-load operation. Unfortunately, the high cost and low reliability of the electronics that enable variation in speed have discouraged this mode of operation for distributed wind turbines. Alternatively, a Variable-Ratio Gearbox (VRG) can be integrated into the fixed-speed wind turbine to facilitate operation with a discrete set of variable speeds that boost efficiency. The VRG concept is based upon mature technology taken from the automotive industry and is characterized by low cost and high reliability. In this paper, a model-based design methodology is introduced to study the performance gain of integrating a VRG into a fixed-speed stall-regulated wind turbine system. The results demonstrate how this device can improve the efficiency of the fixed-speed turbine in the partial-load region and the potential to use the VRG to limit power in the full-load region where pitch control is often used.