“Who should be responsible?”: Perceptions of employers and other stakeholders on health and safety program implementation in small and medium sized businesses in Indonesia

Objective This study aims to identify the perceptions among small and medium sized business owners and relevant stakeholders on occupational safety and health (OSH) implementation in small and medium sized food and bag manufacturing businesses (SMBs) in Indonesia. Methods This qualitative study utilized in-depth interviews with owners of small and medium sized food and bag manufacturing businesses located in Bogor City, West Java Province, and relevant stakeholders that work with SMBs, including governmental and non-governmental organizations. Results Results of this qualitative study indicate gaps in national policies, as well as business owner awareness and implementation of OSH programs in SMBs in the SMBs examined. The findings also suggest a tendency among business owners to attribute responsibility for occupational injuries primarily to the employees. However, the business owners in this study were aware that improving workplace health and safety can protect employees from injuries and illness and increase productivity. Conclusions OSH programs for the SMBs should be practical for the business owners to implement given their perceived lack of resources.