What Are the Basic Guidelines for Preventing Exertional Heat Illnesses, Including Heat Cramps, Heat Syncope, Heat Exhaustion, and Exertional Heat Stroke?

Many athletes suffer from exertional heat illnesses (EHI), especially when exercising in hot and humid environments. Although the causes of each type of illness are different, following a few preventative strategies can decrease the incidence of heat cramps, heat syncope, heat exhaustion, and exertional heat stroke. The goals of these preventative measures are to ensure that the body can thermoregulate at an optimal level and to gradually expose the body to extreme environments. Coaching and medical staff should work together to ensure that all safety precautions are in place prior to the start of a sports season (Figure 1-1).