Validation, verification, and uncertainty quantification for models with intelligent adversaries

Model verification and validation (V&V) are essential before a model can be implemented in practice. Integrating model V&V into the process of model development can help reduce the risk of errors, enhance the accuracy of the model, and strengthen the confidence of the decision-maker in model results. Besides V&V, uncertainty quantification (UQ) techniques are used to verify and validate computational models. Modeling intelligent adversaries is different from and more difficult than modeling non-intelligent agents. However, modeling intelligent adversaries is critical to infrastructure protection and national security. Model V&V and UQ for intelligent adversaries present a big challenge. This chapter first reviews the concepts of model V&V and UQ in the literature and then discusses model V&V and UQ for intelligent adversaries. Some V&V techniques for modeling intelligent adversaries are provided which could be beneficial to model developers and decision-makers facing with intelligent adversaries.