Utilizing spares in multichip modules for the dual function of fault coverage and fault diagnosis

Defining a dual role for spare processing elements (PEs) in reliability-challenged processing arrays is the major focus of the paper. The paper also explores a practical way to include reconfiguration hardware in single-package arrays. The implementation of array processor systems may include spare PEs for fault tolerance. These systems typically require a host for fault diagnosis, while the healthy spares sit idle. It is proposed to utilize the idling spare PEs for purposes of fault diagnosis, giving the array the capability of self diagnosis. Fault tolerance must incorporate additional hardware for reconfiguration, and existing plans have not found widespread use in single-package systems due to the extra cost and extra real estate. Multichip modules (MCMs) have the potential to offer fault tolerance with no increase in primary circuit area. It is proposed to contain the reconfiguration hardware in the active substrate of a silicon-based MCM. Further, the switches required for spares coverage can aid in the job of comparison based self-testing. We offer a complete solution to fault-tolerant arrays in the sense that diagnosis, reconfiguration and switching details are all addressed.