Using augmented holographic uis to communicate automation reliability in partially automated driving

Drivers are assumed to actively supervise the road in partially automated driving, but a growing body of research shows that they become more complacent in system operation and fail to continuously monitor the road, which results in mode confusion. Lack of transparent communication of automation mode and its level of reliability has been discussed as a main underlying cause of these challenges. Our study assessed a concept of augmented reality lane marking (AR-LM) to communicate the status of automation and its level of reliability. In a partially automated driving simulator study, participants' glance behavior, takeover time in critical events, hazard detection, and automation perception were collected in two groups (control and AR-LM). The results indicated an effect of the AR-LM UI on takeover time, gaze time on the road, and automation trust. Our findings suggest that the AR-LM concept can potentially assist drivers in maintaining their visual attention to the road in low-reliability and failure conditions. However, this UI concept may also cause lower hazard detection when automation is running in high-reliability mode.