Universal design as a conceptual framework for describing usability of products and environments: An applied example using the kitchen environment

This study assessed the goals of universal design (UD) defined by Steinfeld and Maisel (2012), as a conceptual framework for classifying usability problems experienced in the home kitchen environment by diverse user populations. Seven focus groups were conducted with three populations: wheelchair users, persons with vision impairment, and older adults. Participant-reported usability problems were mapped onto the eight goals of UD. The data suggest that UD goals provide a useful framework for classifying real-world usability problems. In addition, the UD goals demonstrated the potential to discriminate among populations and distinguish the nature of the environment. Whereas traditional product usability measures emphasise user performance, the UD goals re-focus attention on functional demands that products and environments place on end users. These findings are an important first step in the research pathway needed to elevate UD from a respected conceptual philosophy to a valuable tool embraced by product designers and managers.