The importance of understanding the basics of imaging in the era of high-tech endoscopy - Logic, reality, and utopia: Part I

There have been recently no major improvements in optics. However, parameters can be changed, such as length, diameter, viewing angle at the distal tip, and diameter of the iris (which influences the depth of field) and the ocular on the other side. In terms of flexible optical and light transmission, quartz fibers should be explored because this medium transmits more light but has the disadvantage of the limited bending radius and it breaks very easily. However it may prove an interesting area for small diameter image and light transmitting research activities in the future. The operating surgeon should have a basic working knowledge of the performance parameters of the major players (optics, fiber light bundle, and light source) Before he goes "shopping" or tests the image display (analog vs flat panels), image sensor devices (cameras) (to be digitized or not to be digitized?), recording units (what is simple, practical, and economically feasible), and the role of the surgeon and operating room nursing personnel in the digitized environment.