Synthesis and solution-state assembly or bulk state thiol-ene crosslinking of pyrrolidinone- and alkene-functionalized amphiphilic block fluorocopolymers: From functional nanoparticles to anti-fouling coatings

With an ever increasing interest in the combined functionality and versatility of materials, increasing demands are placed on synthetic methodologies by which to produce such materials. This work demonstrates the preparation of block copolymers having fluorocarbon content, pyrrolidinone units, and alkene groups as complex building blocks for the assembly of discrete nanoparticles in solution and, alternatively, transformation into sophisticated crosslinked networks. Reversible additionfragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a facile tool for the synthesis of well-defined polymers containing imbedded side-chain functionalities. In this work, the synthesis of well-defined multifunctional fluorinated polymers bearing pendant pyrrolidinone groups, and block copolymers bearing both pyrrolidinone and alkenyl groups on different segments was achieved, by using RAFT polymerizations of unique bifunctional monomers. Upon micellization, the amphiphilic diblock copolymers were transformed into regioselectively-functionalized nanoparticles. Further transformations of pyrrolidinone- and alkene-dual functionalized-block copolymers into complex amphiphilic networks were accomplished by highly efficient UV-induced thiol-ene reactions. Whether as discrete nanoparticles or nanoscopically-segregated crosslinked networks, these materials have great potential for several diverse technologies, including as anti-fouling materials.