Surface roughness over the northern half of the Greenland Ice sheet from airborne laser altimetry

Surface roughness, defined as the standard deviation of small-scale elevation fluctuations from the linear trend over 0.5 km, can be estimated from high-resolution airborne laser altimetry. Here we present results for the northern half of the Greenland Ice Sheet using laser data collected in May 1995. Roughness is smallest in the central region straddling the ice divide, increases in amplitude toward the coast, and appears to be correlated with slope of the ice surface. For most of the study region surface roughness is 8 cm or less (<2.5 cm water equivalent). In smaller regions associated with fast flow, larger values are found. Comparison of the size of small-scale topographic disturbances with the spatial noise estimated from five closely spaced ice cores drilled in northwest Greenland shows good agreement. Similar correspondence was found earlier using nine ice cores from the Summit region. These results indicate that the airborne laser altimeter provides an efficient platform for characterizing the statistical nature of the snow surface over large areas of the polar ice sheets.