Structural inequalities and chronic disease health outcomes: Implementing evidence-based strategies

Despite progress in reducing health inequalities through individual interventions, their long-term impact is limited by systemic socio-economic factors. Addressing these broader challenges requires structural interventions. This chapter explores strategies for addressing health inequalities in adults with chronic diseases. Key concepts such as evidence-based interventions, implementation strategies, and outcomes are introduced, alongside frameworks designed to address health disparities. These include: (1) frameworks addressing determinants of inequity, (2) frameworks for incorporating equity into every stage of intervention, and (3) frameworks for adapting strategies to ensure equitable outcomes. The chapter also highlights contributing factors to unequal health outcomes. Three case studies—the Community Health Worker Initiative, Kaiser Permanente Thriving Schools, and Housing Prescriptions as Health Care—illustrate how structural interventions can reduce health disparities in chronic disease management.