Solitons, boundary value problems and a nonlinear method of images

We characterize the soliton solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the half-line with linearizable boundary conditions. Using an extension of the solution to the whole line and the corresponding symmetries of the scattering data, we identify the properties of the discrete spectrum of the scattering problem. We show that discrete eigenvalues appear in quartets as opposed to pairs in the initial value problem, and we obtain explicit relations for the norming constants associated with symmetric eigenvalues. The apparent reflection of each soliton at the boundary of the spatial domain is due to the presence of a 'mirror' soliton, with equal amplitude and opposite velocity, located beyond the boundary. We then calculate the position shift of the physical solitons as a result of the nonlinear reflection. These results provide a nonlinear analogue of the method of images that is used to solve boundary value problems in electrostatics.