Smartwatch Detection of Refractory Hypoxemia in Phenazopyridine-Induced Methemoglobinemia: A Case Report

Leann N. Tulisiak; Mackenzie E. Loesing; Alexander Ljungberg; Eric E. Kaczor

doi:10.1007/s13181-025-01090-9

Smartwatch Detection of Refractory Hypoxemia in Phenazopyridine-Induced Methemoglobinemia: A Case Report

Leann N. Tulisiak
, Mackenzie E. Loesing
, Alexander Ljungberg
, Eric E. Kaczor

Department of Emergency Medicine

SUNY Buffalo

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Introduction: Significant cases of methemoglobinemia will cause a signal interference in traditional dual-wavelength pulse oximetry leading to the classic finding of “refractory hypoxemia”. As smartwatches begin to incorporate pulse oximetry capabilities, it is unclear whether these devices will demonstrate the same type of interference in the presence of methemoglobinemia.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	430-433
Number of pages	4
Journal	Journal of Medical Toxicology
Volume	21
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-025-01090-9
State	Published - Oct 2025

Keywords

Biosensors
Methemoglobinemia
Phenazopyridine
Pulse Oximetry
Wearable Electronic Devices

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10.1007/s13181-025-01090-9

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title = "Smartwatch Detection of Refractory Hypoxemia in Phenazopyridine-Induced Methemoglobinemia: A Case Report",

abstract = "Introduction: Significant cases of methemoglobinemia will cause a signal interference in traditional dual-wavelength pulse oximetry leading to the classic finding of “refractory hypoxemia”. As smartwatches begin to incorporate pulse oximetry capabilities, it is unclear whether these devices will demonstrate the same type of interference in the presence of methemoglobinemia.",

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AU - Ljungberg, Alexander

AU - Kaczor, Eric E.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025.

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N2 - Introduction: Significant cases of methemoglobinemia will cause a signal interference in traditional dual-wavelength pulse oximetry leading to the classic finding of “refractory hypoxemia”. As smartwatches begin to incorporate pulse oximetry capabilities, it is unclear whether these devices will demonstrate the same type of interference in the presence of methemoglobinemia.

AB - Introduction: Significant cases of methemoglobinemia will cause a signal interference in traditional dual-wavelength pulse oximetry leading to the classic finding of “refractory hypoxemia”. As smartwatches begin to incorporate pulse oximetry capabilities, it is unclear whether these devices will demonstrate the same type of interference in the presence of methemoglobinemia.

KW - Biosensors

KW - Methemoglobinemia

KW - Phenazopyridine

KW - Pulse Oximetry

KW - Wearable Electronic Devices

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105012618291

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ER -

Smartwatch Detection of Refractory Hypoxemia in Phenazopyridine-Induced Methemoglobinemia: A Case Report

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Keywords

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