Smart Materials and Structures

The following sections are included: • Introduction • Self-Sensing Materials • • Self-sensing cement-matrix composites • • Self-sensing polymer-matrix composites • Self-Actuating Materials • Self-Healing Materials • Extrinsically Smart Materials and Structures • • Sensing using optical fibers • • Sensing and actuation using piezoelectric devices • • Actuation using electrostrictive and magnetostrictive devices • • Actuation using the shape-memory effect • • Actuation using magnetorheological fluids • Applications of Smart Materials and Structures • Application of Passive Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Devices in Structural Vibration Control • • Overview • • SMA isolation devices • • SMA energy dissipation devices • • • SMA braces for frame structures • • • SMA dampers for bridges • • • SMA column anchorage and SMA beam-column connection • Application of Active SMA Devices for Structural Vibration Control • • SMAs for active structural frequency tuning • • Shape restoration using superelastic SMAs • Application of piezoelectric material to structural health monitoring • • Impedance-based approach • • Vibration-characteristic-based approach • • Lamb-wave-based approach • References.