Should Sodium (via Foods, Salt Tablets, or Pickle Juice) Be Consumed Prior to or During Endurance Activities for the Prevention of Exertional Heat Illness?

It is well established that maintaining hydration is integral in preventing exertional heat illnesses (EHI). 1, 2 Sodium plays a vital role in the ability of the human body to maintain a hydrated state due to the water retention capabilities of sodium. Dramatic reductions in both sodium and water balance can occur during endurance activities as a result of sweat sodium and fluid losses. Thus, endurance athletes must take precautionary measures to maintain sodium and water balance prior to and during exercise to prevent exertional heat injury.