Regulation of the Na-K-ATPase β₁-subunit promoter by multiple prostaglandin-responsive elements

Renal prostaglandins modulate the activity of a number of the transport systems in the kidney, including the Na-K-ATPase. Not only do prostaglandins have acute affects on renal Na-K-ATPase, but in addition prostaglandins have chronic affects, which include regulation at the transcriptional level. Previously, we have presented evidence that one such prostaglandin, PGE ₁, stimulates the transcription of the human Na-K-ATPase β₁-subunit gene in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells via cAMP- and Ca²⁺-mediated pathways (Taub M, Borsick M, Geisel J, Matlhagela K, Rajkhowa T, and Allen C. Exp Cell Res 299: 1-14, 2004; Matlhagela K, Borsick M, Rajkhowa T, and Taub M. J Biol Chem 280: 334-346, 2005). Evidence was presented indicating that PGE₁ stimulation was mediated through the binding of cAMP-regulatory element binding protein (CREB) to a prostaglandin-responsive element (PGRE) as well as Sp1 binding to an adjacent Sp1 site. In this report, we present evidence from EMSAs and DNA affinity precipitation studies that another PGRE present in the Na-K-ATPase β₁-subunit promoter similarly binds CREB and Sp1. The evidence that indicates a requirement for CREB as well as Sp1 for gene activation through both PGREs (PGRE1 and PGRE3) includes studies with a dominant negative CREB (KCREB), Drosophila SL2 cells, and PGRE mutants. The results of these studies are indicative of a synergism between Sp1 and CREB in mediating regulation by PGRE3; while regulation occurring through PGRE1 also involves Sp1 and CREB, the mechanism appears to be distinct.