Recent trends and advances in nanosystems with tyrosine kinase inhibitors for image-guided cancer treatments

Traditional cancer diagnostic and treatment approaches lack specificity and sensitivity while exhibiting systemic toxicity. Nanoparticles, nanosystems, and nanocarriers have emerged as strategies to improve disease detection and treatment efficacy by enhancing bioavailability and targeting of cancer therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors that are used to treat various cancers. Nanosystem-based approaches can be combined with imaging modalities for investigations of drug biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and delivery while facilitating diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy. Here, we review recent advances in the design and development of nanosystems and their potential use for image-guided cancer treatment. Specifically, we highlight approaches involving the encapsulation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the exploration, diagnosis, and monitoring of various types of cancers under the guidance of several imaging modalities.