Raman spectroscopic detection of Fentanyl Induced Neuroinflammation

We applied Raman spectral analysis to non-destructively monitor apoptosis in fentanyl-treated microglia provides valuable insight into the chemical dynamics within these cells and underscores critical pathways contributing to fentanyl-associated neurotoxicity. Fentanyl is a powerful opioid analgesic; however, its misuse can lead to addiction and physical dependence, significantly elevating the chances of overdose and fatality. Due to its high lipophilicity, fentanyl accumulates more readily in brain tissue, intensifying central nervous system (CNS) toxicity and impairing microglial function. These effects can ultimately trigger cell death through apoptosis, contributing to substantial neurocognitive decline in individuals who abuse fentanyl. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical alterations associated with fentanyl-induced apoptosis in human microglia by utilizing Raman spectroscopy. Our findings show that exposure of microglia to fentanyl led to notable modifications in multiple lipid structures and fentanyl-induced rise in mitochondrial membrane potential suggests enhanced cellular stress, marking the progression toward apoptosis.