Radiation-induced chondrosarcoma of the bladder. Case report and review of literature

Background: Chondrosarcoma of the bladder is an extremely rare disease. Only five previously described cases are known in the medical literature. Patients and Methods: We present a chondrosarcoma developed 19 years after radiation treatment in a 73-year-old patient. A literature search of articles published from 1984 to 2014 was performed. Results: This is the first reported case of post-radiation bladder chondrosarcoma. We compared the clinicopathological features of the previously reported cases and reviewed the medical literature of the bladder sarcomas and post-radiation sarcomas. Conclusion: The primary treatment for bladder mesenchymal neoplasms is surgical, preferably radical cystectomy with or without chemotherapy. Positive surgical margin is one of the most important factors negatively affecting disease-specific, recurrence-free and overall survival rates.