Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by a constellation of clinical symptoms that include irregular menses due to chronic oligo-ovulation, phenotypic features of hyperandrogenism, and obesity. The term “polycystic ovary” refers to ovarian morphology with increased ovarian stroma and a ring of cortical follicles. Core biochemical features include hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. The pathogenesis of PCOS remains a topic of debate. Treatment of PCOS typically focuses on mitigating the impact of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and chronic oligo-ovulation and restoring fertility when desired. Polycystic ovary is defined as having 12 or more follicles in one ovary measuring 2–9 mm in diameter, and/or increased ovarian volume of greater than 10 mL, which is the maximum size of a normal ovary.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Clinical Reproductive Medicine and Surgery |
| Subtitle of host publication | A Practical Guide |
| Publisher | Springer International Publishing |
| Pages | 123-137 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9783319522104 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9783319522098 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2017 |
Keywords
- Acanthosis nigricans
- Ferriman–Gallwey scoring system
- GnRH pulse generator
- Insulin resistance
- Is a dermatological condition of hyperkeratosis and increased skin pigmentation with raised, symmetrical, darkened, velvety plaques that commonly appear on the nape of the neck
- Refers to the synchronized pulsatile secretion of GnRH from neurons that are widely distributed in the medial basal hypothalamus
- Scores hair growth in nine body areas from 0 (absence of terminal hairs) to 4 (extensive terminal hair growth)
- The WHO defines insulin resistance as the lowest quartile of measures of insulin sensitivity
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