PEER RELATIONSHIPS

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the nature and significance of peer relationships across the lifespan. It is our intention to argue that such relationships represent unique contexts within which a significant degree of adaptive development occurs and that without the experience of typical and positive peer relationships, maladaptive development is likely to follow. To do so, we first review the theoretical underpinnings of the study of peers. We then describe research findings pertaining to the developmental significance of relationships (e.g., friendships) and, thereafter, group involvement (e.g., cliques, peer acceptance and rejection). We also consider several distal contributors to peer relationships, including family factors and neurobiology. The importance of culture is emphasized throughout the chapter, and we conclude with suggestions for future research to further understanding of the numerous ways in which peers contribute to development and well-being.