Pathways Out of Violent Extremism: A Qualitative Analysis of Push and Pull Factors

This study qualitatively examined factors shaping disengagement from violent extremism. Fifteen former extremists participated in interviews about their experiences of radicalization, engagement, and disengagement, The current study focused on factors that motivated leaving. Four push factors emerged: (1) social and interpersonal repercussions, (2) personal risks and consequences, (3) intra-group conflict, and (4) cognitive shift related to ideology and morality. Three pull factors were also identified: (1) humanizing experiences with diverse individuals/out-group members, (2) social support, and (3) life changes and new priorities/opportunities. The findings improve our understanding of the psychosocial and contextual factors that motivate individuals to leave extremist organizations.