Passive length-force properties of senescent diaphragm: Relationship with collagen characteristics

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of aging on collagen concentration and extent of nonreducible collagen cross-linking as well as with the passive length-force relationship of the diaphragm muscle. Midcostal diaphragm muscle strips from young (6 mo) and senescent (24 mo) Fischer 344 rats were perfused in a tissue bath containing mammalian Ringers solution (25°C) aerated with 95% O₂-5% CO₂. The segments were lengthened and shortened from 85 to 115% of optimal length (L(o)) at a constant velocity (0.6 L(o)/s), and the passive force was measured. Hydroxyproline (HYP) and the mature nonreducible collagen cross-link, hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP), were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The resting force at L(o) did not differ between young and senescent diaphragm muscles. However, the senescent diaphragm exhibited greater passive force compared with the young (P < 0.05) at lengths >110% of L(o). High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis revealed a higher concentration of HYP in the senescent compared with the young diaphragm (9.32 ± 0.83 and 6.59 ± 0.78 g HYP/mg dry wt, respectively; P < 0.05). Additionally, the content of HP was greater in the senescent compared with the young diaphragm (1.16 ± 0.05 and 0.91 ± 0.05 mol HP/mol collagen, respectively; P < 0.05). These results suggest that diaphragm collagen metabolism, maturation, and the passive length-force characteristics of the muscle are altered with senescence.