Osmotic regulation in the marine alga, Codium decorticatum - I. Regulation of turgor pressure by control of ionic composition

Codium decorticatum regulates its internal ionic composition and osmotic pressure in response to changes in external salinity. Over a salinity range of 23 to 37‰ (675 to 1120 mosmol/kg)Codium maintains a constant turgor pressure of 95 mosmol/kg (2.3 atm), observed as a constant difference between internal and external osmotic pressures. The changes in internal osmotic pressure are due to changes in intracellular inorganic ions. At 30‰ salinity the major intracellular ions are present in the following concentrations (mmol/kg cell H₂O): K⁺, 295; Na⁺, 255; Cl^-, 450. At different salinities intracellular ion concentrations remain in constant proportion to the external ion concentrations, and thus the equilibrium potentials are approximately constant. The potential difference between the vacuole and seawater (-76 mV), which is predominantly a K⁺ diffusion potential, is also constant with changing salinity. Comparison of the equilibrium potentials with the vacuole potential suggests that Cl^- is actively absorbed and Na⁺ actively extruded, whereas K⁺ may be passively distributed between the vacuole and seawater. Turgor pressure does not change with environmental hydrostatic pressure, and increasing the external osmotic pressure with raffinose elicits a response similar to that obtained by increasing the salinity. These two results suggest that the stimulus for turgor regulation is a change in turgor pressure rather than a change in internal hydrostatic pressure or ion concentrations.