Optotheranostics for cancer

Cancer is a major cause of mortality worldwide, and innovative approaches are needed to improve its diagnosis and treatment. Earlier detection and treatment with personalized precision medicine are desirable. Theranostics, the combination of diagnosis and therapy, can play a role in improved next-generation cancer treatments. A sub-field of theranostics that explores optical imaging and phototherapy modalities is referred to as optotheranostics. Prototypical optotheranostics approaches include the usage of fluorescence, bioluminescence, photoacoustic imaging (PAI), photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), or combination approaches (e.g., photothermal-photodynamic therapy and photo-immunotherapy). In this chapter, we elaborate on the development of the optotheranostics platform. Numerous have been explored in preclinical studies to showcase the potential of optical imaging and therapies. Advantages and challenges associated with approaches for the optotheranostics platform are discussed. While preclinical efficacy has been demonstrated, relatively few optotheranostic approaches have reached the clinical setting. Challenges in translating optotheranostic platforms to the clinic and their current status are discussed.