Neutrophil Membrane-Derived Nanovesicles Alleviate Inflammation to Protect Mouse Brain Injury from Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic stroke is an acute and severe neurological disease, resulting in disability and death. Reperfusion to an ischemic brain is a means to reverse brain damage after stroke; however, this causes secondary tissue damage induced by inflammation responses, called ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells underlies the initiation of inflammation in I/R. Inspired by this interaction, we report a drug delivery system comprised of neutrophil membrane-derived nanovesicles loaded with Resolvin D2 (RvD2) that can enhance resolution of inflammation, thus protecting brain damage during ischemic stroke. In the study, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model was developed to mimic ischemic stroke. Using intravital microscopy of a live mouse brain, we visualized the binding of nanovesicles to inflamed brain vasculature for delivery of therapeutics to ischemic stroke lesions in real-time. We also observed that RvD2-loaded nanovesicles dramatically decreased inflammation in ischemic stroke and improved mouse neurological functions. Our study provides a strategy to inhibit neuroinflammation using neutrophil-derived nanovesicles for ischemic stroke therapy.