Nanomaterials for co-immobilization of multiple enzymes

In order to co-immobilize multiple enzymes, a wide range of nanomaterials has been designed to achieve synergistic enzyme activity and enhance catalytic efficiency. Nanomaterials, as carriers for enzyme co-immobilization, possess various advantages such as tunable morphology and size, high specific surface area, and abundant chemically active sites. They can significantly enhance enzyme stability, activity, and catalytic efficiency. We overview the commonly used methods and strategies of enzyme co-immobilization. This review further summarizes the latest research advances in nanomaterials for enzyme co-immobilization applications over the past 5 years. Meanwhile, the advantages and challenges of these nanomaterials used for enzyme co-immobilization as well as some potential future directions are also discussed.