Nanochemistry: Synthesis and characterization of multifunctional nanoclinics for biological applications

This paper presents the use of nanoscale chemistry to synthesize a multilevel, hierarchically built nanoparticle, which we define as a nanoclinic, for targeted diagnostics and therapy. This nanoclinic, produced by multistep chemistry in a nanosize micelle, consists of a thin silica shell encapsulating magnetic (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles and fluorescent dyes for enhanced contrast magnetic resonance and optical imaging and magnetic-induced cancer therapy. Furthermore, the surface of these prototype nanoclinics is functionalized with a biotargeting group, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). In the work reported here, the LH-RH targets receptor-specific cancer cells for utilization in imaging and investigation of biological effects. The structure and function of these nanoclinics have been characterized using electron and x-ray diffractions, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force and scanning electron microscopy and two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Targeting of the receptor-specific cells has been demonstrated, along with the demonstration of a new mechanism of selective destruction of cancer cells, in a dc magnetic field, using these magnetic nanoclinics.