Modeling approaches to accurately predict minimum fluidization characteristics of gas-solid fluidized beds

The hydrodynamics of fluidized beds involving gas and particle interactions are very complex and must be carefully considered when using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Modeling particle interactions are even more challenging for binary mixtures composed of varying particle characteristics such as diameter or density. One issue is the presence of dead-zones, regions of particles that do not fluidize and accumulate at the bottom, affecting uniform fluidization. In Eulerian-Eulerian modeling, the solid phase is assumed to behave like a fluid and the presence of dead zones are not typically captured in a simulation. Instead, the entire bed mass present in an experiment is modeled, which assumes full fluidization. The paper will present modeling approaches that account for only the fluidizing mass by adjusting the initial mass present in the bed using pressure drop and minimum fluidization velocity from experiments. In order to demonstrate the fidelity of the new modeling approach, different bed materials are examined. Binary mixture models are also validated for two types of mixtures consisting of glass-ceramic and ceramic-ceramic compositions. It will be shown that adjusting the mass in the modeling of fluidized beds best represents the measured quantities of an experiment for both single-phase and binary mixtures.