Microscopic theory of exciton and trion polaritons in doped monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides

We study a doped transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayer in an optical microcavity. Using the microscopic theory, we simulate spectra of quasiparticles emerging due to the interaction of material excitations and a high-finesse optical mode, providing a comprehensive analysis of optical spectra as a function of Fermi energy and predicting several modes in the strong light-matter coupling regime. In addition to exciton-polaritons and trion-polaritons, we report polaritonic modes that become bright due to the interaction of excitons with free carriers. At large doping, we reveal strongly coupled modes corresponding to excited trions that hybridize with a cavity mode. We also demonstrate that the increase of carrier concentration can change the nature of the system’s ground state from the dark to the bright one. Our results offer a unified description of polaritonic modes in a wide range of free electron densities.