Low-temperature facile synthesis of graphene and graphene-carbon nanotubes hybrid on dielectric surfaces

Various carbon based nanostructures (graphene, graphene-CNTs hybrid and three-dimensional (3D) carbon network) have been grown separately on lowtemperature (600 °C) substrates by using a chemical vapor deposition system with a two-heating reactor. The two-heating reactor is utilized to offer sufficient, well-proportioned floating C atoms and provide a simple method for low-temperature deposition. Morphology and electrical properties of the carbon based nanostructures can be controlled by the substrate surfaces. A relatively flat surface is beneficial for the synthesis of graphene and surfaces with nanodots are required to directly grow graphene-carbon nanotube hybrids. A chemical vapor deposition mechanism dependent on the temperature gradient is proposed, suggesting that the transfer-free carbon nanostructures can be deposited on different substrates. These results open an easy way for direct and high-efficiency deposition of various carbon nanostructures on the low-temperature dielectric substrates.