Iron homeostasis results from matching iron uptake to cell growth and division in the context of the overall cell requirement for iron. Fungi achieve this balance by transcriptional regulation of the genes that encode iron uptake activities; post-transcriptional regulation of the synthesis of proteins that use iron; and storage and recycling of iron to meet short-term needs in times of iron deprivation. In the Fungal Kingdom, both repression and activation mechanisms of transcriptional regulation have been elucidated; both mechanisms rely on transcription factors that directly or indirectly are regulated by cell iron status. Among fungi, however, one or the other transcriptional regulatory mechanism is used by a given organism but not both. In contrast, of those fungi examined in detail, all employ at least two of the four iron uptake mechanisms characterized in fungi in general: siderophore iron uptake; direct ferrous iron permeation; coupled ferroxidase/permease uptake; and heme/hemin uptake. All of these pathways rely on the activity of a metalloreductase enzyme at some point. The yeast vacuole serves as iron store while the mitochondrion, as the site of heme and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, is the primary end-user of cell iron. The recycling of iron from both organelles plays a role in the maintenance of homeostasis both in terms of iron utilization and regulation of iron uptake.