IRIS: Interpretable Risk Clustering Intelligence for Survival Analysis

Survival analysis models have evolved significantly with deep learning approaches, yet often lack interpretability and meaningful risk stratification capabilities. We present Interpretable Risk Clustering Intelligence for Survival Analysis (IRIS), a novel framework that addresses the critical task of risk clustering while enhancing both input-level and model-body interpretability. Unlike traditional survival models that perform post-hoc risk clustering, IRIS learns to cluster patients into meaningful risk groups directly from data while providing transparent feature importance estimation through feature contribution functions. We validate IRIS on several benchmark datasets, a real-world Alzheimer's disease dataset, and an electronic health record dataset, showing superior performance in risk clustering and predictive reliability with only a modest decrease in time-toevent prediction accuracy compared to state-of-the-art methods. Our results show that IRIS successfully balances the trade-off between interpretability and prediction performance in riskbased survival analysis, offering clinicians actionable insights for treatment planning and resource allocation.