Innovation in Cardiovascular Bioelectronics

Miniature wireless conformal bioelectronics represent the next generation of devices for medical diagnosis and therapy. Advances in materials science enable these new bioelectronics platforms for novel approaches to medicine. New features of the next generation of cardiac implantable electronic devices feature high flexibility and they conform to the complex anatomy of the heart. Bioresorbable devices are safely absorbed following completion of the therapy via metabolic action and hydrolysis. Devices can be powered by new energy sources, such as light, mechanical energy, static electricity, and magnetic fields. Novel interface materials, such as graphene and hydrogel adhesives, provide better interfacing at the tissue–electrode boundary. Bioelectronics enhance the safety and efficacy of ablation therapy while also reducing procedure time and the associated learning curve. Pacemakers are ultralightweight and wirelessly powered to treat bradyarrhythmias and heart block. Defibrillation can be achieved by flexible and stretchable mesh arrays that conform to the surface of the heart. Cardiac diagnostic monitors more seamlessly integrate with the body for optimal signal recordings for enhanced 24/7 diagnosis. These bioelectronics are poised to integrate into the medical internet-of-things to sense detailed biomedical data which will be analyzed by machine learning systems to deliver appropriate therapy in a timely manner.