Impact of a triclosan-containing toothpaste during the progression of experimental peri-implant mucositis: Clinical parameters and local pattern of osteo-immunoinflammatory mediators in peri-implant fluid

Background: This study evaluated the influence of a triclosan-containing toothpaste in the profile of osteo-immunoinflammatory mediators in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and in clinical parameters during progression of peri-implant mucositis. Methods: Twenty-two clinically healthy patients with an implant-supported singleunit crownwere enrolled in this double-blind, randomized, crossover study carried out in two phases of 21 days each. During an experimental 3-week period of undisturbed plaque accumulation in the implants, patients were randomly assigned to use three times/day: triclosan (n = 11), triclosan/copolymer/fluoride toothpaste; or placebo (n = 11), fluoride toothpaste. After a professional prophylaxis, a washout period of 30 days was established. Clinical parameters and 15 osteo-immunoinflammatory mediators in the PICF were evaluated at baseline and at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Results: Both groups showed increase in plaque index at implant sites from the 3rd until the 21st day (P < 0.05). Only triclosan treatment was able to avoid an increase in bleeding on probing (BOP) throughout the follow-ups (P > 0.05), whereas a significant intensification in BOP was observed from the 14th day in the placebo-treated sites (P<0.05). Lower interleukin (IL)-10 concentrationswere detected in the placebo group at the 21st day when compared with triclosan-treated implant sites (P < 0.05). IL-10 levels were reduced and IL-1β concentrations were increased at 21 days when compared with baseline only in placebo-treated sites (P < 0.05). Osteoprotegerin levels significantly increased from the 14th until the 21st day only in triclosan-treated sites (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Triclosan-containing toothpaste controls clinical inflammation and interferes positively in the profile of osteo-immunoinflammatory mediators during progression of experimental peri-implant mucositis.