Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicity Review for the Palliative Care Clinician

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have opened an exciting chapter in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer. For the palliative care clinician, however, ICIs present several new challenges, including new ways to define treatment success, as well as treatment-related toxicities that differ in nature and timing from traditional chemotherapy. In this article, we review the mechanism of action of ICIs, as well as selected published data supporting the efficacy of ICIs in patients with advanced cancer. In addition, we summarize existing data of ICI toxicity prevalence, patterns of severity, and timing of onset. Finally, we briefly review key principles from published guidelines on the management of ICI toxicities.