Identifying the factors affecting quality of life among brucellosis patients in Herat, Afghanistan: a case-control study

Background: Brucellosis remains a significant public health concern, especially in regions like the Mediterranean and Afghanistan. While its direct health effects are well-documented, its impact on quality of life is less explored. Objective: This study investigated the risk factors and quality of life effects of brucellosis in Herat, Afghanistan. Methods: Between October 2020 and February 2021, 155 participants were enrolled at Herat Regional Hospital and affiliated brucellosis laboratories. The sample included 75 individuals with confirmed brucellosis and 80 controls without a history of the disease. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, and quality of life was assessed with the SF-36. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, logistic regression, and General Linear Model. Results: Key risk factors associated with brucellosis included marriage, lower education, contact with pets, infected family members, and using non-protected water (p < 0.05). Logistic regression confirmed increased odds of infection linked to these exposures. Quality of life assessments revealed significantly lower SF-36 scores among male patients across most components, with similar trends observed in female patients. Conclusion: Brucellosis significantly impacts quality of life, particularly among men, and is strongly linked to specific risk factors. Public health measures are essential to reduce infection rates and improve well-being in this region.