High-Resolution OCT Reveals Age-Associated Variation in the Region Posterior to the External Limiting Membrane

Purpose: To evaluate visibility of a sub-band posterior to the external limiting membrane (ELM) and assess its age-associated variation. Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, normal eyes were imaged using a high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) prototype (2.7-μm axial resolution). Volume fusion of six sequential scans (each 500 × 500 A-scans over 6 mm × 6 mm) was performed in the motion correction and volume reconstruction in OCT (MoReOCT) framework to enhance feature visibility in OCT. The subjects were divided into three groups: young (21–40 years old), middle (41–60 years old), and older (>60 years old). Three expert graders assessed the visibility of the sub-band on B-scans, and its A-scan intensity relative to ELM intensity (peak intensity ratio) was measured. Results: Forty-four eyes of 44 subjects were imaged. The sub-band, tentatively attributed to the photoreceptor myoid, can be visualized under high-resolution OCT. The B-scan gradings showed that sub-band visibility increased with age (visible in 16.7%, 47.2%, and 66.7% of the young, middle, and older age groups, respectively). The gradings were statistically different among age groups at 1 mm and 2 mm nasal and 1 mm and 2 mm temporal (P < 0.04) from the foveal center. Similarly, the mean peak intensity ratios of the sub-band to the ELM were 71.6%, 77.5%, and 85.2% in the young, middle, and older age groups, respectively, and were positively correlated with age at 1 mm temporal (P = 0.012) and 2 mm temporal (P < 0.001). Conclusions: High-resolution OCT, combined with advanced volume fusion, enables visualization of the photoreceptor myoid and investigation of its age-associated variations. Translational Relevance: Investigating the sub-band can advance our understanding of photoreceptors and their association with aging and disease pathogenesis.