Fragility functions for structural-architectural shear walls with interlocking modules

Tessellated structural-architectural (TeSA) shear walls, consisting of interlocking tiles, enable repairability because of modularization, and can satisfy both structural and architectural demands. This paper characterizes the behavior of TeSA walls made of 1-D interlocking reinforced concrete tiles using fragility functions. Two TeSA walls with varying tile patterns are analyzed under lateral loading. The modeling approach is validated using test results under quasi-static cyclic lateral loading. Damage states at tile and wall levels are defined, and a framework for generating fragility functions for TeSA walls is proposed considering uncertainties in the applied axial loading, tile-interface properties, modeling approach, and material properties of concrete. The results show that TeSA wall fragility functions are sensitive to tile shapes and patterns, particularly for the severe damage state. The onset of moderate and severe damage for TeSA walls is at 1% and beyond 2% drift ratios, respectively, showing high resistance of TeSA walls to damage.