Equitable improvement for women and men in the use of guideline-recommended therapies for heart failure: Findings from IMPROVE HF

Background: Although sex-based disparities in use of guideline-recommended heart failure (HF) therapies have been described, little is known about whether performance improvement (PI) initiatives produce equitable improvements in guideline-recommended therapies. Methods and Results: IMPROVE HF is a prospective study of a practice-based PI intervention in patients with systolic HF or post-myocardial infarction left ventricular dysfunction. Mean changes from baseline to 24 months after intervention were compared between women and men for treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), and HF education. This analysis included 15,170 patients at 167 cardiology practices (4,383 [28.9%] women, 10,787 [71.1%] men). At baseline, women were less likely than men to be treated with anticoagulation and ICD. Significant improvements in 6 of 7 quality measures were evident at 24 months for both sexes. The absolute magnitude of improvement was similar for 5 measures and significantly better in women for CRT, ICD, and composite care. Conclusions: This PI intervention was associated with similar or greater increases in use of guideline-recommended HF therapies for eligible women compared with men. Clinical decision support and performance feedback may help to ensure improved, equitable care for men and women with HF.