Effect of general anesthetics and pressure on aerobic metabolism of monkey kidney cells

The authors examined the inhibition of aerobic metabolism in monkey kidney cell cultures exposed to halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane. The ability of hyperbaric pressure to reverse the halothane-induced metabolic inhibition also was examined. Incubation of two monkey kidney cell lines for 24 h with clinically equipotent concentrations (2.6 MAC) of halothane, enflurane, or isoflurane vapors increased the concentration of lactate in the media by 126 to 244% relative to nonexposed control cultures. The increased rate of lactate accumulation was proportional to the concentration of halothane and was accompanied by a decrease in media pH. Removal of halothane restored the normal rate of lactate production. Hyperbaric pressures of 25, 50, and 100 atmospheres did not alter the halothane-stimulated rate of lactate production relative to non-anesthetic treated controls, although pressure alone did depress the rate of lactate accumulation in all cultures. The stimulation of lactate production likely reflects the known ability of halothane to inhibit mitochondrial respiration. The failure of pressure to reverse the stimulation of lactate production by halothane suggests than inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism cannot be reversed by pressure.