TY - JOUR
T1 - Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders in children and adolescents
T2 - An international Delphi study-Part 2-Development of Axis II
AU - Rongo, Roberto
AU - Ekberg, Ewa Carin
AU - Nilsson, Ing Marie
AU - Al-Khotani, Amal
AU - Alstergren, Per
AU - Rodrigues Conti, Paulo Cesar
AU - Durham, Justin
AU - Goulet, Jean Paul
AU - Hirsch, Christian
AU - Kalaykova, Stanimira I.
AU - Kapos, Flavia P.
AU - King, Christopher D.
AU - Komiyama, Osamu
AU - Koutris, Michail
AU - List, Thomas
AU - Lobbezoo, Frank
AU - Ohrbach, Richard
AU - Palermo, Tonya M.
AU - Peck, Christopher C.
AU - Penlington, Chris
AU - Restrepo, Claudia
AU - Rodrigues, Maria Joao
AU - Sharma, Sonia
AU - Svensson, Peter
AU - Visscher, Corine M.
AU - Wahlund, Kerstin
AU - Michelotti, Ambrosina
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - Background: Unlike the psychosocial assessment established for adults in the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), a standardised psychosocial assessment for children and adolescents with TMD complaints has not yet been established. Objectives: To develop a new standardised instrument set to assess the psychosocial functioning in children and adolescents by adapting the psychosocial status and pain-related disability (Axis II) of the adult DC/TMD and by including new instruments. Methods: A modified Delphi method was used to survey 23 international TMD experts and four international experts in pain-related psychological factors for consensus regarding assessment tools for psychosocial functioning and pain-related disability in children and adolescents. The TMD experts reviewed 29 Axis II statements at round 1, 13 at round 2 and 2 at round 3. Agreement was set at 80% for first-round consensus level and 70% for each of the second and third rounds. The psychological experts completed a complementary Delphi survey to reach a consensus on tools to use to assess more complex psychological domains in children and adolescents. For the psychological experts, the first round included 10 open-ended questions on preferred screening tools for depression, anxiety, catastrophising, sleep problems and stress in children (ages 6–9 years old) and adolescents (ages 10–19 years old) as well as on other domains suggested for investigation. In the second round, the psychological experts received a 9-item questionnaire to prioritise the suggested instruments from most to least recommended. Results: The TMD experts, after three Delphi rounds, reached consensus on the changes of DC/TMD to create a form to evaluate Axis II in children and adolescents with TMD complaints. The psychological experts added tools to assess depression and anxiety, sleep disorders, catastrophising, stress and resilience. Conclusion: Through international expert consensus, this study adapted Axis II of the adult DC/TMD to assess psychosocial functioning and pain-related disability in children and adolescents. The adapted Axis II protocols will be validated in the target populations.
AB - Background: Unlike the psychosocial assessment established for adults in the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), a standardised psychosocial assessment for children and adolescents with TMD complaints has not yet been established. Objectives: To develop a new standardised instrument set to assess the psychosocial functioning in children and adolescents by adapting the psychosocial status and pain-related disability (Axis II) of the adult DC/TMD and by including new instruments. Methods: A modified Delphi method was used to survey 23 international TMD experts and four international experts in pain-related psychological factors for consensus regarding assessment tools for psychosocial functioning and pain-related disability in children and adolescents. The TMD experts reviewed 29 Axis II statements at round 1, 13 at round 2 and 2 at round 3. Agreement was set at 80% for first-round consensus level and 70% for each of the second and third rounds. The psychological experts completed a complementary Delphi survey to reach a consensus on tools to use to assess more complex psychological domains in children and adolescents. For the psychological experts, the first round included 10 open-ended questions on preferred screening tools for depression, anxiety, catastrophising, sleep problems and stress in children (ages 6–9 years old) and adolescents (ages 10–19 years old) as well as on other domains suggested for investigation. In the second round, the psychological experts received a 9-item questionnaire to prioritise the suggested instruments from most to least recommended. Results: The TMD experts, after three Delphi rounds, reached consensus on the changes of DC/TMD to create a form to evaluate Axis II in children and adolescents with TMD complaints. The psychological experts added tools to assess depression and anxiety, sleep disorders, catastrophising, stress and resilience. Conclusion: Through international expert consensus, this study adapted Axis II of the adult DC/TMD to assess psychosocial functioning and pain-related disability in children and adolescents. The adapted Axis II protocols will be validated in the target populations.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85125070022
U2 - 10.1111/joor.13301
DO - 10.1111/joor.13301
M3 - Article
C2 - 34951729
AN - SCOPUS:85125070022
SN - 0305-182X
VL - 49
SP - 541
EP - 552
JO - Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
JF - Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
IS - 5
ER -