Detection of nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 after discontinuation of virologically suppressive antiretroviral therapy

Using standard and ultrasensitive techniques, we detected nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-associated resistance mutations in 11 (20%) of 54 subjects who discontinued virologically suppressive nonnucleoside reversetranscriptase inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy. Resistance was detected in 45% and 14% of subjects with a baseline human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA level of 51-400 copies/mL and ≤50 copies/mL, respectively. Mutations remained detectable for at least 48 weeks in some subjects.