Copper active sites in biology

A study was conducted to present in-depth discussions of all the classes of copper (Cu) enzymes and the correlations within and among observed classes. The study reviewed the present understanding of the enzymology, kinetics, geometric structures, electronic structures, and reaction mechanisms. Much of the insight available into these mechanisms in Cu biochemistry was derived from the application of a wide range of spectroscopies and the correlation of spectroscopic results to electronic structure calculations. A on the different spectroscopic methods was utilized to study mononuclear and multinuclear Cu enzymes and their correlations to different levels of electronic structure calculations. A second coordinate in Cu(II) (bio)inorganic chemistry was also considered for conducting the investigations.