Conclusion to the special issue: Responding to the opioid crisis-perspectives, challenges, and directions

Objective: Due to a combination of unique circumstances, opioid use and misuse in the United States have escalated dramatically over the past 15 years, resulting in a national crisis. Method: To bring together work that addresses the role that psychologists can play in responding to this crisis, we assembled this special issue. Results: The papers included in this issue underscore critical matters for continued consideration, and point to directions for further action and investigation. Conclusions: Themes that emerged from this collection of papers suggest numerous opportunities for the field as we seek to respond collectively to the crisis now facing our country.