@inproceedings{a821d16ee0cc4313a7caacca4fcf163c,
title = "CMOS mixed-signal phase detector for integrated chemical sensor systems",
abstract = "The development of a portable chemical sensor system based on the measurement of the excited-state lifetimes of luminophore doped xerogels in the frequency-domain is described. The prototype sensor system is demonstrated for oxygen (O2) monitoring and consists of a silicon photodiode as the detector followed by a current-to-voltage converter, an amplifier, a band-pass filter and a custom-designed CMOS phase detector. The variation in the lifetime, due a change in the analyte concentration, is measured as a phase shift between a sinusoidally modulated reference excitation and the fluorescence emission using the designed CMOS phase shift detector. The CMOS mixed-signal phase detector is fabricated using the AMI 1.5 μm process available through MOSIS. A highly accurate, low cost, and hand-held prototype oxygen sensor is demonstrated using this CMOS phase detector.",
author = "Chodavarapu, \{V. P.\} and Titus, \{A. H.\} and Shubin, \{D. O.\} and Cartwright, \{A. N.\} and Bukowski, \{R. M.\} and Bright, \{F. V.\}",
year = "2005",
doi = "10.1109/ICSENS.2005.1597888",
language = "English",
isbn = "0780390563",
series = "Proceedings of IEEE Sensors",
pages = "1068--1071",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE Conference on Sensors 2005",
note = "Fourth IEEE Conference on Sensors 2005 ; Conference date: 31-10-2005 Through 03-11-2005",
}