Characterizing the ZrC(111)/c-ZrO₂(111) Hetero-Ceramic Interface: First Principles DFT and Atomistic Thermodynamic Modeling

The mechanical and physical properties of zirconium carbide (ZrC) are limited to its ability to deteriorate in oxidizing environments. Low refractory oxides are typically formed as layers on ZrC surfaces when exposed to the slightest concentrations of oxygen. However, this carbide has a wide range of applications in nuclear reactor lines and nozzle flaps in the aerospace industry, just to name a few. To develop mechanically strong and oxygen-resistant ZrC materials, the need for studying and characterizing the oxidized layers, with emphasis on the interfacial structure between ZrC and the oxidized phases, cannot be understated. In this paper, the ZrC(111)//c-ZrO₂ (111) interface was studied by both finite temperature molecular dynamic simulation and DFT. The interfacial mechanical properties were characterized by the work of adhesion which revealed a Zr|OO|Zr|OO//ZrC(111) interface model as the most stable with an oxygen layer from ZrO₂ being deposited on the ZrC(111) surface. Further structural analysis at the interface showed a crack in the first ZrO₂ layer at the interfacial region. Investigations of the electronic structure using the density of state calculations and Bader charge analysis revealed the interfacial properties as local effects with no significant impacts in the bulk regions of the interface slab.