Case-based systems mapping: advancing a multimethod approach to social complexity

In this work, we introduce case-based systems mapping (CBSM), an integration of exploratory systems mapping and case-based complexity. CBSM explores different groups of cases and their distinct configurations and then generates submaps that display the causal flows for these different groups. Combining these allows users to advance on systems mapping by allowing them to (1) explore how the causal factors within the map may cluster based on groups of cases and (2) engage in greater data corroboration of exploratory systems maps to support, clarify, or further develop ideas. CBSM involves four steps: (1) generating an initial exploratory systems mapping; (2) identifying possible case-based clustering; (3) data corroboration via clustering, machine learning and network analysis; and (4) assessment. As a demonstration, we apply CBSM to a dataset on the social determinants of teenage pregnancy in 100 Local Authorities in England. We conclude with future directions for research.