Bullying as a Form of Abuse: Conceptualization and Prevention

Bullying, characterized as repeated, unwanted aggressive behavior involving an imbalance of power, can have devastating consequences that parallel those of other forms of abuse. This chapter provides a historical context for bullying as a recognized problem. Theories of bullying as a learned behavior that is reinforced within the larger social context are presented, including learning and social cognitions; social capital, power, and dominance; and social-ecological theories. Advances in the field of bullying prevention and best practices are discussed, with a critical review of bullying legislation and multi-tiered bullying prevention approaches. Universal approaches implemented with all students to prevent bullying specifically, as well as prevention efforts that target prosocial behavior and social-emotional skills more broadly, are described and the evidence about their effectiveness with regard to bullying is reviewed. Targeted and indicated prevention approaches geared toward youth who are at-risk for, or already involved in bullying as a perpetrator or target are also discussed.