TY - JOUR
T1 - Body Size and Bladder Cancer Risk
T2 - A Pooled Analysis of Prospective Studies From the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium
AU - The Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet, Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet
AU - Afshar, Nina
AU - Koutros, Stella
AU - Wang, Molin
AU - van den Brandt, Piet A.
AU - Wolk, Alicja
AU - Adami, Hans Olov
AU - Åkesson, Agneta
AU - Barnett, Matt J.
AU - Bertrand, Kimberly A.
AU - Cai, Hui
AU - Le Calvez-Kelm, Florence
AU - Chen, Chu
AU - Datta, Mridul
AU - Eliassen, A. Heather
AU - Freudenheim, Jo L.
AU - Gierach, Gretchen L.
AU - Giovannucci, Edward
AU - Hirabayashi, Mayo
AU - Huang, Brian Z.
AU - Huang, Wen Yi
AU - Kirsh, Victoria A.
AU - Koh, Woon Puay
AU - Lacey, James V.
AU - Larsson, Susanna C.
AU - Liao, Linda M.
AU - Ma, Chaoran
AU - Martinez, Maria Elena
AU - Millen, Amy E.
AU - Moore, Steven C.
AU - Mucci, Lorelei A.
AU - Munro, Heather M.
AU - Neuhouser, Marian L.
AU - Ochs-Balcom, Heather M.
AU - Palmer, Julie R.
AU - Park, Song Yi
AU - Patel, Alpa V.
AU - Petrick, Jessica L.
AU - Platz, Elizabeth A.
AU - Preston, Mark A.
AU - Prizment, Anna
AU - Rees, Samantha
AU - Ricceri, Fulvio
AU - Robien, Kim
AU - Rohan, Thomas E.
AU - Sandin, Sven
AU - Sawada, Norie
AU - Schernhammer, Eva S.
AU - Shams-White, Marissa M.
AU - Shrubsole, Martha J.
AU - Shu, Xiao Ou
AU - Sinha, Rashmi
AU - Skeie, Guri
AU - Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael Z.
AU - Song, Mingyang
AU - Um, Caroline Y.
AU - Visvanathan, Kala
AU - Vitolins, Mara Z.
AU - Wang, Sophia
AU - Watts, Eleanor L.
AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete
AU - White, Emily
AU - Willett, Walter C.
AU - Yang, Gong
AU - Yuan, Jian Min
AU - Zhang, Xuehong
AU - Zheng, Wei
AU - Rothman, Nathaniel
AU - Lynch, Brigid M.
AU - Silverman, Debra T.
AU - Smith-Warner, Stephanie A.
AU - Milne, Roger L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2026 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
PY - 2026/5/20
Y1 - 2026/5/20
N2 - PURPOSE – Body size is an established risk factor for several cancers, but associations with bladder cancer risk remain unclear. METHODS – We pooled data from 2, 533, 008 participants in 30 international cohort studies to assess associations of BMI, waist circumference, and height with bladder cancer risk. Multivariable Cox regression models, including smoking status, duration, and other confounders, were run separately by cohort and sex, and results combined by random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS – Incident first primary bladder cancer was diagnosed in 15, 259 males and 5, 188 females. For males, overweight (BMI, 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI, ≥30 kg/m2) were associated with increased risk of bladder cancer, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.12) and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.22), respectively, when compared with normal weight (BMI, 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). The corresponding HR for females were 1.02 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.09) and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.14), respectively. The HR per 5 kg/m2 increment was 1.07 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.09) for males and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.04) for females. Higher waist circumference was also associated with increased risk of bladder cancer for males (HR per 10 cm increase 1.06 [95% CI, 1.03 to 1.08]) but not females (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.97 to 1.04]). Results for height were largely consistent with those for BMI and waist circumference, with strong and consistent evidence for males, but not females. CONCLUSION – Larger body size is associated with increased risk of bladder cancer for males, but not females. Public health interventions to prevent overweight and obesity, along with smoking cessation and reduced occupational exposure to bladder carcinogens, are likely to reduce bladder cancer incidence worldwide.
AB - PURPOSE – Body size is an established risk factor for several cancers, but associations with bladder cancer risk remain unclear. METHODS – We pooled data from 2, 533, 008 participants in 30 international cohort studies to assess associations of BMI, waist circumference, and height with bladder cancer risk. Multivariable Cox regression models, including smoking status, duration, and other confounders, were run separately by cohort and sex, and results combined by random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS – Incident first primary bladder cancer was diagnosed in 15, 259 males and 5, 188 females. For males, overweight (BMI, 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI, ≥30 kg/m2) were associated with increased risk of bladder cancer, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.12) and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.22), respectively, when compared with normal weight (BMI, 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). The corresponding HR for females were 1.02 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.09) and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.14), respectively. The HR per 5 kg/m2 increment was 1.07 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.09) for males and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.04) for females. Higher waist circumference was also associated with increased risk of bladder cancer for males (HR per 10 cm increase 1.06 [95% CI, 1.03 to 1.08]) but not females (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.97 to 1.04]). Results for height were largely consistent with those for BMI and waist circumference, with strong and consistent evidence for males, but not females. CONCLUSION – Larger body size is associated with increased risk of bladder cancer for males, but not females. Public health interventions to prevent overweight and obesity, along with smoking cessation and reduced occupational exposure to bladder carcinogens, are likely to reduce bladder cancer incidence worldwide.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105039276708
U2 - 10.1200/JCO-25-02155
DO - 10.1200/JCO-25-02155
M3 - Article
C2 - 41996653
AN - SCOPUS:105039276708
SN - 0732-183X
VL - 44
SP - 1441
EP - 1456
JO - Journal of Clinical Oncology
JF - Journal of Clinical Oncology
IS - 15
ER -